- Structural and institutional reforms are crucial, most importantly policies to buttress household economic stability through the expansion of job opportunities.
- Other systemic reforms include expanding housing, child care, health care subsidies, and facilitating the involvement of noncustodial parents in all aspects of their children's lives, including their financial support.
- Focus must also be made on reducing the sources of chronic stress and trauma in the neighborhoods of boys and young men of color, investing in high-poverty neighborhoods to improve community resources, removing environmental hazards, and improving access to "opportunity neighborhoods."
- Family and individual interventions should target the entire life course, beginning before birth.
- Dual-generation strategies are needed to strengthen the caregiving capacities of parents, including noncustodial parents.
Published by
- Urban Institute